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However, just because one family member has schizophrenia, it does not mean that other members of the family also will have it. Genetics: Schizophrenia sometimes runs in families. Several factors may contribute to a person’s risk of developing schizophrenia. What are the risk factors for schizophrenia? People with dissociative identity disorder have two or more distinct identities with distinct behaviors and memories. dissociative identity disorderĪlthough some of the signs may seem similar on the surface, schizophrenia is not dissociative identity disorder (which used to be called multiple personality disorder or split personality). It is important to help people who are showing symptoms to get treatment as quickly as possible. For people with schizophrenia, the risk of self-harm and of violence to others is greatest when the illness is untreated or co-occurs with alcohol or substance misuse. Overall, people with schizophrenia are more likely than those without the illness to be harmed by others. Most people with schizophrenia are not violent. Learn more about getting help and finding a health care provider.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recognized that having certain mental disorders, including depression and schizophrenia, can make people more likely to get severely ill from COVID-19.

Having trouble focusing or paying attention.

Having trouble using information immediately after learning it.

Having trouble processing information to make decisions.

Health care providers evaluate cognitive functioning using specific tests. A person’s level of cognitive functioning is one of the best predictors of their day-to-day functioning. These symptoms can make it hard to follow a conversation, learn new things, or remember appointments. These symptoms are sometimes mistaken for symptoms of depression or other mental illnesses.Ĭognitive symptoms include problems in attention, concentration, and memory. In extreme cases, a person might stop moving or talking for a while, which is a rare condition called catatonia.

Having very low energy and spending a lot of time in passive activities.

Avoiding social interaction or interacting in socially awkward ways.

Talking in a dull voice and showing limited facial expression.

Having trouble anticipating and being motivated by pleasure in everyday life.

Having trouble planning and sticking with activities, such as grocery shopping.

Negative symptoms include loss of motivation, loss of interest or enjoyment in daily activities, withdrawal from social life, difficulty showing emotions, and difficulty functioning normally. Sometimes a person will stop talking in the middle of a thought, jump from topic to topic, or make up words that have no meaning. People with thought disorder may have trouble organizing their thoughts and speech.

Thought disorder: When a person has ways of thinking that are unusual or illogical.

For example, individuals experiencing delusions may believe that people on the radio and television are sending special messages that require a certain response, or they may believe that they are in danger or that others are trying to hurt them.

Delusions: When a person has strong beliefs that are not true and may seem irrational to others.

People who hear voices may hear them for a long time before family or friends notice a problem.

Hearing voices is common for people with schizophrenia. Hallucinations: When a person sees, hears, smells, tastes, or feels things that are not actually there.A person experiencing psychotic symptoms often has disrupted thoughts and perceptions, and they may have difficulty recognizing what is real and what is not. Psychotic symptoms include changes in the way a person thinks, acts, and experiences the world. Schizophrenia symptoms can differ from person to person, but they generally fall into three main categories: psychotic, negative, and cognitive. Schizophrenia is rare in younger children. However, research shows that gradual changes in thinking, mood, and social functioning often appear before the first episode of psychosis. Starting treatment as soon as possible following the first episode of psychosis is an important step toward recovery.

People with schizophrenia are usually diagnosed between the ages of 16 and 30, after the first episode of psychosis. It’s important to recognize the symptoms of schizophrenia and seek help as early as possible. Research Training and Career Development Opportunities.Research Conducted at NIMH (Intramural Research Program).Upcoming Observances and Related Events.Contribute to Mental Health Research Mobile navigation

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